This paper mainly does an in-depth analysis of the creative style and aesthetic characteristics of piano music in the Romantic period in order to explore the importance and influence of Romantic music in the field of piano music. This paper firstly introduces the background and musical characteristics of the Romantic period, emphasizes the key elements such as emotional expression, individualism and fantasy, makes corresponding elaboration on the changes in the creative style of piano music in the Romantic period, such as musical structure, harmony, melody, technique, timbre and dynamics, etc., and integrates and summarizes the aesthetic characteristics of the Romantic music, such as emotional expression, freedom of creativity, narrativity, and the fusion of art and nature. etc. In the analysis of representative works, the thesis of this paper is centered on the representative works of famous composers such as Beethoven, Chopin, Schubert and Schumann, and their musical characteristics. Finally, it evaluates the influence and significance of Romantic piano music on later generations, such as inspiring subsequent composers, continuing the tradition and sustaining its influence. The purpose of this paper is to systematically illustrate the creative style and aesthetic characteristics of piano music in the Romantic period, and to provide readers with a true and reliable reference basis for understanding and appreciating the development of piano music in this period.