Objective: To examine the cultural heritage and evolution of the Horse Head Fiddle (now referred to as HHF) in the Mongolian Gorlos region of China, focusing on its historical significance and distinctive role within Mongolian folk traditions. Methods: Researchers used a combination of literature review, fieldwork, and expert interviews to investigate the traditional and contemporary contexts of HHF in Jilin Province, China. Results: Findings indicate that the HHF has undergone significant transformations in both form and function, transitioning from ‘Person to Instrument’ and ‘Court to Folk to Stage’ in its evolution. These changes reflect a broader professional composition, performance, and public dissemination development. Conclusion: The HHF holds a crucial place in the cultural identity of the Gorlos Mongolian region, requiring dedicated conservation efforts to maintain its unique heritage amid modernization. Public Significance Statement. This study underscores the importance of preserving the Horse Head Fiddle (HHF) as a cultural symbol and heritage in the Gorlos Mongolian community.  Its evolution from a courtly to a folk instrument illustrates the dynamic nature of cultural traditions and the importance of safeguarding them for future generations.