Gains and Losses in the Introduction of the Authorized Capital System a Commentary on the Relevant Provisions of China’s 2023 Company Law
VOLUME 21, 2024
The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review
VOLUME 6, 2023
Duan Lei
Associate Professor, School of Law, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200243, China
Associate Professor, School of Law, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200243, China
Abstract
The authorized capital system introduced in the 2023 Company Law of China is, in essence, modeled after the German "permitted capital system." Its distinctive feature lies in the requirement that the company's articles of association specify the number of issued shares, which, when multiplied by a legally prescribed ratio, determines the authorized capital limit. Each issuance of shares increases the number of issued shares, thereby necessitating amendments to the articles of association. Special provisions must be established to exempt such amendments from requiring shareholders’ resolutions. The statutory choice between the authorized capital system and the statutory capital system reflects a combination of autonomy and compulsion. However, limited liability companies (LLCs), characterized by the separation of ownership and management, may have a legitimate need to improve financing efficiency by delegating authority to the board of directors. Transitioning to a fully optional mode could better serve this purpose.
Keywords :
Authorized Capital System, Improper Issuance, Ex-Ante Control, Return Of Decision-Making Power.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords :
Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty